This class implements TODO. More...

#include <structmatsettable.h>

Inheritance diagram for oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable:

Collaboration diagram for oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable:

Public Member Functions
	StructuralMaterialSettable (int n, Domain *d)
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~StructuralMaterialSettable ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual IRResultType	initializeFrom (InputRecord *ir)
	Initializes receiver according to object description stored in input record. More...

virtual const char *	giveClassName () const

virtual const char *	giveInputRecordName () const

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &strainVector, TimeStep atTime)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector for second Piola-Kirchoff stress. More...

virtual void	give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep atTime)
	Computes full 3d material stiffness matrix at given integration point, time, respecting load history in integration point. More...

virtual MaterialStatus *	CreateStatus (GaussPoint *gp) const
	Creates new copy of associated status and inserts it into given integration point. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oofem::StructuralMaterial
	StructuralMaterial (int n, Domain *d)
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~StructuralMaterial ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual int	hasMaterialModeCapability (MaterialMode mode)
	Tests if material supports material mode. More...

virtual void	giveInputRecord (DynamicInputRecord &input)
	Setups the input record string of receiver. More...

virtual void	giveStiffnessMatrix (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Computes the stiffness matrix for giveRealStressVector of receiver in given integration point, respecting its history. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedStrain, TimeStep tStep)
	Computes the real stress vector for given total strain and integration point. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_PlaneStrain (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_3d. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_StressControl (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, const IntArray &strainControl, TimeStep tStep)
	Iteratively calls giveRealStressVector_3d to find the stress controlled equal to zero· More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_ShellStressControl (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, const IntArray &strainControl, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_PlaneStress (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_1d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_Warping (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_2dBeamLayer (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_PlateLayer (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_Fiber (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector_StressControl. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_Lattice2d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_Lattice3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_2dPlateSubSoil (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation is not provided. More...

virtual void	giveRealStressVector_3dBeamSubSoil (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedE, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveEshelbyStressVector_PlaneStrain (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)
	Prototype for computation of Eshelby stress. More...

void	give_dPdF_from (const FloatMatrix &dSdE, FloatMatrix &answer, GaussPoint *gp)

void	convert_dSdE_2_dPdF (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &dSdE, const FloatArray &S, const FloatArray &F, MaterialMode matMode)

virtual void	giveThermalDilatationVector (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Returns a vector of coefficients of thermal dilatation in direction of each material principal (local) axis. More...

double	giveReferenceTemperature ()
	Returns the reference temperature of receiver. More...

virtual void	computeStressIndependentStrainVector (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep, ValueModeType mode)
	Computes reduced strain vector in given integration point, generated by internal processes in material, which are independent on loading in particular integration point. More...

virtual void	computeStressIndependentStrainVector_3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep, ValueModeType mode)

virtual void	give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix_dPdF (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix_dCde (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

void	giveStressDependentPartOfStrainVector (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedStrainVector, TimeStep tStep, ValueModeType mode)
	Method for subtracting from reduced space strain vector its stress-independent parts (caused by temperature, shrinkage, creep and possibly by other phenomena). More...

void	giveStressDependentPartOfStrainVector_3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedStrainVector, TimeStep tStep, ValueModeType mode)

virtual int	setIPValue (const FloatArray &value, GaussPoint *gp, InternalStateType type)
	Sets the value of a certain variable at a given integration point to the given value. More...

virtual int	giveIPValue (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, InternalStateType type, TimeStep tStep)
	Returns the integration point corresponding value in Reduced form. More...

virtual void	give2dBeamLayerStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 2d beam layer stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	givePlateLayerStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 2d plate layer stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	giveFiberStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 1d fiber stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	give2dLatticeStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 2d lattice stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	give3dLatticeStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 3d lattice stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	give2dPlateSubSoilStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing stiffness matrix of plate subsoil model. More...

virtual void	give3dBeamSubSoilStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing stiffness matrix of beam3d subsoil model. More...

virtual void	giveFirstPKStressVector_3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector for second Piola-Kirchoff stress. More...

virtual void	giveFirstPKStressVector_PlaneStrain (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveFirstPKStressVector_3d. More...

virtual void	giveFirstPKStressVector_PlaneStress (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveFirstPKStressVector_3d. More...

virtual void	giveFirstPKStressVector_1d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)
	Default implementation relies on giveFirstPKStressVector_3d. More...

virtual void	giveCauchyStressVector_3d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveCauchyStressVector_PlaneStrain (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveCauchyStressVector_PlaneStress (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	giveCauchyStressVector_1d (FloatArray &answer, GaussPoint gp, const FloatArray &reducedF, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	givePlaneStressStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing plane stress stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	givePlaneStressStiffMtrx_dPdF (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	givePlaneStressStiffMtrx_dCde (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	givePlaneStrainStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing plane strain stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	givePlaneStrainStiffMtrx_dPdF (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	givePlaneStrainStiffMtrx_dCde (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	give1dStressStiffMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)
	Method for computing 1d stiffness matrix of receiver. More...

virtual void	give1dStressStiffMtrx_dPdF (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

virtual void	give1dStressStiffMtrx_dCde (FloatMatrix &answer, MatResponseMode mmode, GaussPoint gp, TimeStep tStep)

Public Member Functions inherited from oofem::Material
	Material (int n, Domain *d)
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~Material ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual bool	isCharacteristicMtrxSymmetric (MatResponseMode rMode)
	Returns true if stiffness matrix of receiver is symmetric Default implementation returns true. More...

virtual double	give (int aProperty, GaussPoint *gp)
	Returns the value of material property 'aProperty'. More...

virtual bool	hasProperty (int aProperty, GaussPoint *gp)
	Returns true if 'aProperty' exists on material. More...

virtual void	modifyProperty (int aProperty, double value, GaussPoint *gp)
	Modify 'aProperty', which already exists on material. More...

double	giveCastingTime ()

virtual bool	isActivated (TimeStep *tStep)

virtual int	hasNonLinearBehaviour ()
	Returns nonzero if receiver is non linear. More...

virtual int	hasCastingTimeSupport ()
	Tests if material supports casting time. More...

virtual void	printYourself ()
	Prints receiver state on stdout. Useful for debugging. More...

virtual contextIOResultType	saveIPContext (DataStream &stream, ContextMode mode, GaussPoint *gp)
	Stores integration point state to output stream. More...

virtual contextIOResultType	restoreIPContext (DataStream &stream, ContextMode mode, GaussPoint *gp)
	Reads integration point state to output stream. More...

virtual int	checkConsistency ()
	Allows programmer to test some internal data, before computation begins. More...

virtual int	initMaterial (Element *element)
	Optional function to call specific procedures when initializing a material. More...

virtual MaterialStatus *	giveStatus (GaussPoint *gp) const
	Returns material status of receiver in given integration point. More...

virtual int	packUnknowns (DataStream &buff, TimeStep tStep, GaussPoint ip)
	Pack all necessary data of integration point (according to element parallel_mode) into given communication buffer. More...

virtual int	unpackAndUpdateUnknowns (DataStream &buff, TimeStep tStep, GaussPoint ip)
	Unpack and updates all necessary data of given integration point (according to element parallel_mode) into given communication buffer. More...

virtual int	estimatePackSize (DataStream &buff, GaussPoint *ip)
	Estimates the necessary pack size to hold all packed data of receiver. More...

virtual double	predictRelativeComputationalCost (GaussPoint *gp)
	Returns the weight representing relative computational cost of receiver The reference material model is linear isotropic material - its weight is set to 1.0 The other material models should compare to this reference model. More...

virtual double	predictRelativeRedistributionCost (GaussPoint *gp)
	Returns the relative redistribution cost of the receiver. More...

virtual void	initTempStatus (GaussPoint *gp)
	Initializes temporary variables stored in integration point status at the beginning of new time step. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oofem::FEMComponent
	FEMComponent (int n, Domain *d)
	Regular constructor, creates component with given number and belonging to given domain. More...

virtual	~FEMComponent ()
	Virtual destructor. More...

Domain *	giveDomain () const

virtual void	setDomain (Domain *d)
	Sets associated Domain. More...

int	giveNumber () const

void	setNumber (int num)
	Sets number of receiver. More...

virtual void	updateLocalNumbering (EntityRenumberingFunctor &f)
	Local renumbering support. More...

virtual contextIOResultType	saveContext (DataStream &stream, ContextMode mode, void *obj=NULL)
	Stores receiver state to output stream. More...

virtual contextIOResultType	restoreContext (DataStream &stream, ContextMode mode, void *obj=NULL)
	Restores the receiver state previously written in stream. More...

virtual void	printOutputAt (FILE file, TimeStep tStep)
	Prints output of receiver to stream, for given time step. More...

virtual Interface *	giveInterface (InterfaceType t)
	Interface requesting service. More...

std::string	errorInfo (const char *func) const
	Returns string for prepending output (used by error reporting macros). More...

Private Attributes
IsotropicLinearElasticMaterial *	isoLE

Additional Inherited Members
Static Public Member Functions inherited from oofem::StructuralMaterial
static int	giveSymVI (int ind1, int ind2)

static int	giveVI (int ind1, int ind2)

static int	giveVoigtVectorMask (IntArray &answer, MaterialMode mmode)
	Returns a mask of the vector indicies corresponding to components in a general (non-symmetric) second order tensor of some stress/strain/deformation measure that performes work. More...

static int	giveVoigtSymVectorMask (IntArray &answer, MaterialMode mmode)
	The same as giveVoigtVectorMask but returns a mask corresponding to a symmetric second order tensor. More...

static void	giveInvertedVoigtVectorMask (IntArray &answer, MaterialMode mmode)
	Gives the inverted version of giveVoigtVectorMask. More...

static int	giveSizeOfVoigtVector (MaterialMode mmode)
	Returns the size of reduced stress/strain vector according to given mode. More...

static int	giveSizeOfVoigtSymVector (MaterialMode mmode)
	Returns the size of symmetric part of a reduced stress/strain vector according to given mode. More...

static void	giveFullVectorForm (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &strainVector, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the reduced symmetric Voigt vector (2nd order tensor) to full form. More...

static void	giveFullVectorFormF (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &strainVector, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the reduced deformation gradient Voigt vector (2nd order tensor). More...

static void	giveFullSymVectorForm (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &vec, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the reduced unsymmetric Voigt vector (2nd order tensor) to full form. More...

static void	giveReducedVectorForm (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &vec, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the full symmetric Voigt vector (2nd order tensor) to reduced form. More...

static void	giveReducedSymVectorForm (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &vec, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the full unsymmetric Voigt vector (2nd order tensor) to reduced form. More...

static void	giveFullSymMatrixForm (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &red, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the full unsymmetric Voigt matrix (4th order tensor) to reduced form. More...

static void	giveReducedMatrixForm (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &full, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the full symmetric Voigt matrix (4th order tensor) to reduced form. More...

static void	giveReducedSymMatrixForm (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &full, MaterialMode matMode)
	Converts the full unsymmetric Voigt matrix (4th order tensor) to reduced form. More...

static void	transformStrainVectorTo (FloatArray &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, const FloatArray &strainVector, bool transpose=false)
	Transforms 3d strain vector into another coordinate system. More...

static void	transformStressVectorTo (FloatArray &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, const FloatArray &stressVector, bool transpose=false)
	Transforms 3d stress vector into another coordinate system. More...

static double	computeVonMisesStress (const FloatArray *currentStress)
	Computes equivalent of von Mises stress. More...

static void	giveStrainVectorTranformationMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, bool transpose=false)
	Computes 3d strain vector transformation matrix from standard vector transformation matrix. More...

static void	give2DStrainVectorTranformationMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, bool transpose=false)
	Computes 2d strain vector transformation matrix from standard vector transformation matrix. More...

static void	giveStressVectorTranformationMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, bool transpose=false)
	Computes 3d stress vector transformation matrix from standard vector transformation matrix. More...

static void	givePlaneStressVectorTranformationMtrx (FloatMatrix &answer, const FloatMatrix &base, bool transpose=false)
	Computes 2d stress vector transformation matrix from standard vector transformation matrix. More...

static void	sortPrincDirAndValCloseTo (FloatArray pVal, FloatMatrix pDir, FloatMatrix *toPDir)
	Method for sorting newly computed principal values (pVal) and corresponding principal directions (pDir) to be closed to some (often previous) principal directions (toPDir). More...

static void	computePrincipalValues (FloatArray &answer, const FloatArray &s, stressStrainPrincMode mode)
	Common functions for convenience. More...

static void	computePrincipalValDir (FloatArray &answer, FloatMatrix &dir, const FloatArray &s, stressStrainPrincMode mode)
	Computes principal values and directions of stress or strain vector. More...

static double	computeDeviatoricVolumetricSplit (FloatArray &dev, const FloatArray &s)
	Computes split of receiver into deviatoric and volumetric part. More...

static void	computeDeviatoricVolumetricSum (FloatArray &s, const FloatArray &dev, double mean)

static void	applyDeviatoricElasticCompliance (FloatArray &strain, const FloatArray &stress, double EModulus, double nu)

static void	applyDeviatoricElasticCompliance (FloatArray &strain, const FloatArray &stress, double GModulus)

static void	applyDeviatoricElasticStiffness (FloatArray &stress, const FloatArray &strain, double EModulus, double nu)

static void	applyDeviatoricElasticStiffness (FloatArray &stress, const FloatArray &strain, double GModulus)

static void	applyElasticStiffness (FloatArray &stress, const FloatArray &strain, double EModulus, double nu)

static void	applyElasticCompliance (FloatArray &strain, const FloatArray &stress, double EModulus, double nu)

static double	computeStressNorm (const FloatArray &stress)

static double	computeFirstInvariant (const FloatArray &s)

static double	computeSecondStressInvariant (const FloatArray &s)

static double	computeThirdStressInvariant (const FloatArray &s)

static double	computeFirstCoordinate (const FloatArray &s)

static double	computeSecondCoordinate (const FloatArray &s)

static double	computeThirdCoordinate (const FloatArray &s)

Static Public Attributes inherited from oofem::StructuralMaterial
static std::vector< std::vector< int > >	vIindex
	Voigt index map. More...

static std::vector< std::vector< int > >	svIndex
	Symmetric Voigt index map. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oofem::StructuralMaterial
double	referenceTemperature
	Reference temperature (temperature, when material has been built into structure). More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oofem::Material
Dictionary	propertyDictionary
	Property dictionary. More...

double	castingTime
	Casting time. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oofem::FEMComponent
int	number
	Component number. More...

Domain *	domain
	Link to domain object, useful for communicating with other FEM components. More...

Detailed Description

This class implements TODO.

Definition at line 57 of file structmatsettable.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::StructuralMaterialSettable	(	int	n,
		Domain *	d
	)

Constructor.

Definition at line 50 of file structmatsettable.C.

References isoLE.

oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::~StructuralMaterialSettable ( )

virtual

Destructor.

Definition at line 56 of file structmatsettable.C.

References isoLE.

Member Function Documentation

MaterialStatus * oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::CreateStatus ( GaussPoint * gp ) const

virtual

Creates new copy of associated status and inserts it into given integration point.

Parameters

gp	Integration point where newly created status will be stored.

Returns: Reference to new status.

Reimplemented from oofem::Material.

Definition at line 97 of file structmatsettable.C.

References oofem::FEMComponent::giveDomain().

Referenced by giveInputRecordName().

void oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix	(	FloatMatrix &	answer,
		MatResponseMode	mode,
		GaussPoint *	gp,
		TimeStep *	tStep
	)

virtual

Computes full 3d material stiffness matrix at given integration point, time, respecting load history in integration point.

Parameters

answer	Computed results.
mode	Material response mode.
gp	Integration point.
tStep	Time step (most models are able to respond only when tStep is current time step).

Reimplemented from oofem::StructuralMaterial.

Definition at line 88 of file structmatsettable.C.

References oofem::IsotropicLinearElasticMaterial::give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix(), and isoLE.

Referenced by giveInputRecordName().

virtual const char* oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::giveClassName ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Returns: Class name of the receiver.

Reimplemented from oofem::StructuralMaterial.

Definition at line 70 of file structmatsettable.h.

virtual const char* oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::giveInputRecordName ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Returns: Input record name of the receiver.

Implements oofem::FEMComponent.

Definition at line 71 of file structmatsettable.h.

References _IFT_StructuralMaterialSettable_Name, CreateStatus(), give3dMaterialStiffnessMatrix(), and giveRealStressVector_3d().

void oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::giveRealStressVector_3d	(	FloatArray &	answer,
		GaussPoint *	gp,
		const FloatArray &	reducedE,
		TimeStep *	tStep
	)

virtual

Default implementation relies on giveRealStressVector for second Piola-Kirchoff stress.

Reimplemented from oofem::StructuralMaterial.

Definition at line 70 of file structmatsettable.C.

References oofem::Material::giveStatus(), oofem::StructuralMaterialStatus::giveStressVector(), oofem::StructuralMaterialStatus::letTempStrainVectorBe(), and oofem::StructuralMaterialStatus::letTempStressVectorBe().

Referenced by giveInputRecordName().

IRResultType oofem::StructuralMaterialSettable::initializeFrom ( InputRecord * ir )

virtual

Initializes receiver according to object description stored in input record.

This function is called immediately after creating object using constructor. Input record can be imagined as data record in component database belonging to receiver. Receiver may use value-name extracting functions to extract particular field from record.