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===== Steel plasticity with buckling ===== 

This example demonstrates computation of structural detail, where a girder beam crosses a column. A welded pair of U profiles 300 mm creates both cross-sections of the beam and the column. Geometry and mesh were created in [[http://www.salome-platform.org|Salome]] and converted to OOFEM input file via [[unv2oofem:unv2oofem|Unv2oofem convertor]].

This task contains 10 383 nodes and 30 786 linear tetrahedral elements. Perfectly plastic material is assigned to steel with the yield strength of 200 MPa. Arc-length method with IML solver were employed and the computation in eight loading steps took 11.5 min. Maximum axial force 1.58 MN on the column leads to collapse in plastic/buckling mode. Updated Lagrangian formulation ensured updating nodal position after each time increment thus facilitating second-order theory and equilibrium on deformed shapes assuming small strains in constitutive laws.
{{:gallery:ldnprcice_01.anim_small.gif|}}
{{:gallery:ldnprcice_01_kriz.png?350|}}

//Created 01/2011 by Vít Šmilauer. Acknowledgements belong to B. Patzák, Z. Bittnar, and T. Roubal.//